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rapid_eye_movement_rem_sleep [2023/01/19 20:21] – [REM Deprivation] tomrapid_eye_movement_rem_sleep [2023/03/06 10:11] (current) – Remove socialite tom
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 +{{tag>Anatomy Eyes Sleep}} 
 ======  Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep ====== ======  Rapid Eye Movement (REM) Sleep ======
  
-Rapid eye movement (REM)[(REM>Rapid eye movement[[Rapid eye movement|Wikipedia]])] sleep is a stage of sleep characterized by rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied by low muscle tone, and vivid dreaming. It is one of the five stages of sleep, along with non-REM stages 1 through 4, that occur in a cyclical pattern throughout the night.+Rapid eye movement (REM)[(REM>Rapid eye movement[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep|Wikipedia]])] sleep is a stage of sleep characterized by rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied by low muscle tone, and vivid dreaming. It is one of the five stages of sleep, along with non-REM stages 1 through 4, that occur in a cyclical pattern throughout the night.
  
 The five stages of sleep are stages 1 through 4 of non-REM sleep[(NonREM>Non-rapid eye movement sleep[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-rapid_eye_movement_sleep|Wikipedia]])] The five stages of sleep are stages 1 through 4 of non-REM sleep[(NonREM>Non-rapid eye movement sleep[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-rapid_eye_movement_sleep|Wikipedia]])]
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   * **REM Sleep:** Rapid Eye Movement sleep stage, it is characterized by rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied by low muscle tone, and vivid dreaming.    * **REM Sleep:** Rapid Eye Movement sleep stage, it is characterized by rapid movement of the eyes, accompanied by low muscle tone, and vivid dreaming. 
 +
 +{{ :the_fives_stages_of_sleep.png |}}
  
 These stages occur in a cyclical pattern throughout the night, with each stage lasting anywhere from 5 to 15 minutes, and the pattern typically repeats every 90-120 minutes. These stages occur in a cyclical pattern throughout the night, with each stage lasting anywhere from 5 to 15 minutes, and the pattern typically repeats every 90-120 minutes.
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 The first REM stage of the night usually occur around 90 minutes after falling asleep, and the duration of the REM stage increases with each cycle, lasting about 60 minutes in the last cycle before waking. However, the total amount of REM sleep decreases as the night goes on, accounting for around 25% of total sleep time in the first half of the night, and only around 10% in the second half of the night. The first REM stage of the night usually occur around 90 minutes after falling asleep, and the duration of the REM stage increases with each cycle, lasting about 60 minutes in the last cycle before waking. However, the total amount of REM sleep decreases as the night goes on, accounting for around 25% of total sleep time in the first half of the night, and only around 10% in the second half of the night.
  
-During Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, the eyes move rapidly in a variety of directions, hence the name "Rapid Eye Movement". The exact speed at which the eyes move during REM sleep can vary, but it typically ranges from about 50 to 100 degrees per second. This means that the eyes can move from one side of the visual field to the other in as little as a fraction of a second.+During Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep, the eyes move rapidly in a variety of directions[(LSDBase>LSDBase - An open sleep research database with images of REM sleep recordings.[[http://lsdbase.org/category/states/rem-sleep|LSDBase]])] 
 +, hence the name "Rapid Eye Movement". The exact speed at which the eyes move during REM sleep can vary, but it typically ranges from about 50 to 100 degrees per second. This means that the eyes can move from one side of the visual field to the other in as little as a fraction of a second.
  
 The rapid eye movements during REM sleep are caused by the firing of specific neurons in the brainstem, which control the muscles of the eyes. The brainstem also suppresses the activity of the extraocular muscles that control the movements of the eyes during waking hours, in this way The rapid eye movements during REM sleep are caused by the firing of specific neurons in the brainstem, which control the muscles of the eyes. The brainstem also suppresses the activity of the extraocular muscles that control the movements of the eyes during waking hours, in this way
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 ===== REM Deprivation ===== ===== REM Deprivation =====
  
-There have been studies [( :harvard:Ringel2001>> +There have been studies [(Deprivation_effects>Deprivation effects[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_eye_movement_sleep#Deprivation_effects|Wikipedia]])] that have investigated the effects of chronic deprivation of REM sleep in both animals and humans. These studies typically involve either disrupting REM sleep during the night or preventing REM sleep from occurring altogether.
-authors   :  Ringel BL, Szuba MP +
-title     : Potential mechanisms of the sleep therapies for depression. +
-published : 2001 +
-journal : Depression and Anxiety +
-page: 29-36 +
-url       : https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fda.1044 +
-)] +
- that have investigated the effects of chronic deprivation of REM sleep in both animals and humans. These studies typically involve either disrupting REM sleep during the night or preventing REM sleep from occurring altogether.+
  
 In animal studies, it has been found that chronic deprivation of REM sleep leads to a number of negative effects, including weight loss, decreased immune function, and cognitive impairments. Long-term deprivation of REM sleep also causes an increase in aggressive behavior and a decrease in social interaction. In animal studies, it has been found that chronic deprivation of REM sleep leads to a number of negative effects, including weight loss, decreased immune function, and cognitive impairments. Long-term deprivation of REM sleep also causes an increase in aggressive behavior and a decrease in social interaction.
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 ===== REM & Depression ===== ===== REM & Depression =====
  
-There is a significant relationship between REM sleep and depression. Studies have shown that individuals with depression often have disrupted REM sleep, characterized by increased REM density (more rapid eye movements during the REM stage) and increased time spent in REM sleep. This disrupted REM sleep pattern is thought to be related to the symptoms of depression, such as negative thoughts, emotional disturbances, and difficulty in decision-making.+There is a significant relationship between REM sleep and depression. Studies have shown [( :harvard:Ringel2001>> 
 +authors   :  Ringel BL, Szuba MP 
 +title     : Potential mechanisms of the sleep therapies for depression. 
 +published : 2001 
 +journal : Depression and Anxiety 
 +page: 29-36 
 +url       : https://doi.org/10.1002%2Fda.1044 
 +)] that individuals with depression often have disrupted REM sleep, characterized by increased REM density (more rapid eye movements during the REM stage) and increased time spent in REM sleep. This disrupted REM sleep pattern is thought to be related to the symptoms of depression, such as negative thoughts, emotional disturbances, and difficulty in decision-making.
  
 During REM sleep, the activity in the brain's limbic system, which is responsible for emotions and memories, increases. It is thought that the increased activity in the limbic system during REM sleep may contribute to the vivid and emotionally charged dreams that often occur during this stage. In depressed individuals, the limbic system can become overactive, which could lead to increased negative emotions and disturbing dreams, contributing to depression symptoms. During REM sleep, the activity in the brain's limbic system, which is responsible for emotions and memories, increases. It is thought that the increased activity in the limbic system during REM sleep may contribute to the vivid and emotionally charged dreams that often occur during this stage. In depressed individuals, the limbic system can become overactive, which could lead to increased negative emotions and disturbing dreams, contributing to depression symptoms.
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 It should be noted that these early studies and discoveries on sleep deprivation therapy helped to pave the way for further research in this area, but it still needs further studies to explore the optimal administration and the long-term effects of this treatment as well as its possible side effects, and currently it is only recommended and applied under the guidance of healthcare professionals. It should be noted that these early studies and discoveries on sleep deprivation therapy helped to pave the way for further research in this area, but it still needs further studies to explore the optimal administration and the long-term effects of this treatment as well as its possible side effects, and currently it is only recommended and applied under the guidance of healthcare professionals.
  
 + 
  • Last modified: 2023/01/19 20:21
  • by tom