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--- psychological_terminology [2025/02/13 15:14] – [References] tom
+++ psychological_terminology [2025/02/15 13:49] (current) – [Common Defense Mechanisms in Traditional Psychology] tom
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 In traditional psychology and psychoanalysis, defence mechanisms describe the ways people deal with emotions and thoughts. Below is a definition of common defence mechanisms and considerations for IEMT practitioners when addressing them.
+===== Critique =====
+The most prominent defense mechanisms were framed within the context of internal conflict. For example, repression (pushing unwanted thoughts out of conscious awareness) or projection (attributing one’s own unacceptable feelings to others) evokes an image of the mind as a battlefield, where different parts of the psyche are in direct opposition. This implies that the psyche is inherently antagonistic, always fighting between conscious and unconscious forces, the ego and the id, or between individual impulses and societal expectations.
+While the concept of defense mechanisms remains foundational in psychoanalytic theory, its reliance on war and force-based metaphors has limitations. These models risk pathologizing internal psychological processes and framing the psyche as a battleground, where different parts of the self are in constant conflict. This view may oversimplify the complexity of human experience, neglecting more integrative or cooperative ways of dealing with emotional conflict. In recent years, more dynamic and relational models of the self have emerged that offer more nuanced, holistic, and compassionate ways to understand the psychological defense processes, without needing to resort to combative imagery.
 ===== 1. Repression =====