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====Abstract==== | ====Abstract==== | ||
The present study investigated the effects of eye movement interventions on various aspects of mental imagery, including SUDs mean score, associated imagery, movement, colour, framed or panoramic perception, distance, sound, and focus/ | The present study investigated the effects of eye movement interventions on various aspects of mental imagery, including SUDs mean score, associated imagery, movement, colour, framed or panoramic perception, distance, sound, and focus/ | ||
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+ | **Keywords: eye movement, therapy, mental imagery, perception, emotion** | ||
====Introduction==== | ====Introduction==== | ||
- | Integral Eye Movement Therapy (IEMT) is a psychotherapy model that has gained attention for its effectiveness in reducing intense negative emotional states. The therapy involves the patient recalling and maintaining a negative image of a past event, while the therapist directs eye movements in specific patterns. The aim is to induce a shift in emotional coding of the image, resulting in a reduction of negative emotions associated with it. | + | Integral Eye Movement Therapy (IEMT) is a psychotherapy model that has gained attention for its effectiveness in reducing intense negative emotional states |
- | The roots of IEMT can be traced back to eye-movement integration therapy (EMI) and eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR), developed by Steve Andreas, Connirae Andreas, and Francine Shapiro, respectively. Andrew T. Austin, a therapist from the United Kingdom, developed IEMT, building on the psycho-neurological phenomena observed during therapeutic eye movements. | + | The roots of IEMT can be traced back to eye-movement integration therapy (EMI) and eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy (EMDR), developed by Steve Andreas, Connirae |
- | IEMT has shown promise in reducing the emotional impact of neurological imprints related to emotion and identity. This pilot study aims to explore the effectiveness of IEMT in reducing negative emotional states associated with traumatic memories. By investigating the effects of IEMT on a small sample of participants, | + | IEMT has shown promise in reducing the emotional impact of neurological imprints related to emotion and identity |
- | ====Purpose of the study==== | + | **Purpose of the present |
The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the effects of IEMT on traumatic memories. IEMT proposes that combining eye movements with the visualization of a traumatic memory will induce specific changes in its representation. These changes include distancing the memory, dissociating from the representation, | The purpose of this pilot study is to investigate the effects of IEMT on traumatic memories. IEMT proposes that combining eye movements with the visualization of a traumatic memory will induce specific changes in its representation. These changes include distancing the memory, dissociating from the representation, | ||
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This pilot study will provide preliminary evidence on the potential therapeutic benefits of IEMT and will inform the design of future randomized controlled trials. The findings of this study may have important implications for the treatment of trauma-related disorders. | This pilot study will provide preliminary evidence on the potential therapeutic benefits of IEMT and will inform the design of future randomized controlled trials. The findings of this study may have important implications for the treatment of trauma-related disorders. | ||
- | ====Structure of the study==== | + | ====Methods==== |
- | The study was conducted with a sample cohort of 8 participants. Interviews were conducted remotely via Zoom or Skype to assess the effects of IEMT on negative memories. Participants were instructed to identify a negative memory and provide a one- or two-word label for later identification. No disclosure of information about the memory was required, but participants were asked about the submodalities of the memory. | + | **Participants** |
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+ | The study was conducted with a sample cohort of 8 participants. | ||
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+ | **Procedure** | ||
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+ | Interviews were conducted remotely via Zoom or Skype to assess the effects of IEMT on negative memories. Participants were instructed to identify a negative memory and provide a one- or two-word label for later identification. No disclosure of information about the memory was required, but participants were asked about the submodalities of the memory. | ||
After the initial assessment, participants received instructions on how to move their eyes. Immediately following the eye movements, the memory was reassessed using the same questions as before. The assessment was repeated 20 minutes and 5 days later to determine the persistence and magnitude of the changes induced by IEMT. | After the initial assessment, participants received instructions on how to move their eyes. Immediately following the eye movements, the memory was reassessed using the same questions as before. The assessment was repeated 20 minutes and 5 days later to determine the persistence and magnitude of the changes induced by IEMT. | ||
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The study design included a pre- and post-treatment assessment, with a follow-up assessment after 20 minutes and 5 days. The interviews were conducted remotely to ensure consistency and reduce the potential for bias. The use of standardized questions and protocols ensured that the study was conducted in a systematic and controlled manner. These measures helped to ensure the validity and reliability of the study findings. | The study design included a pre- and post-treatment assessment, with a follow-up assessment after 20 minutes and 5 days. The interviews were conducted remotely to ensure consistency and reduce the potential for bias. The use of standardized questions and protocols ensured that the study was conducted in a systematic and controlled manner. These measures helped to ensure the validity and reliability of the study findings. | ||
- | ====Findings==== | + | ====Results==== |
**Subjective Units of Distress (SUDs)** | **Subjective Units of Distress (SUDs)** | ||
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- | ====Conclusion==== | + | ====Discussions and conclusions==== |
In conclusion, eye movement interventions appear to have a profound impact on several elements of mental imagery. The most notable effects were observed in the reduction of SUDs mean score, the shift from associated to dissociated imagery, and the increase in perceived distance. These findings suggest that eye movement interventions may be a promising technique for altering mental representations, | In conclusion, eye movement interventions appear to have a profound impact on several elements of mental imagery. The most notable effects were observed in the reduction of SUDs mean score, the shift from associated to dissociated imagery, and the increase in perceived distance. These findings suggest that eye movement interventions may be a promising technique for altering mental representations, | ||
- | ====Recommendations | + | ====Future directions |
Sufficient changes in mental imagery along with the reduction in associated negative emotions warrant a wider scale further investigation measured against a control group (no eye movements) and sham group (an activity such as tapping one's nose in place of the eye movements). | Sufficient changes in mental imagery along with the reduction in associated negative emotions warrant a wider scale further investigation measured against a control group (no eye movements) and sham group (an activity such as tapping one's nose in place of the eye movements). | ||
====References==== | ====References==== | ||
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+ | Andreas, S. (1990). //Eye movement integration booklet//. Real People Press. [[https:// | ||
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+ | Austin, T. A. (2014). //Integral Eye Movement Therapy and long term anxiety treatment// [Video Demonstration]. The Fresh Brain Company Ltd. [[https:// | ||
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+ | Austin, T. A. (2015). Integral Eye Movement Therapy. In E. S. Neukrug (Ed.), //The SAGE encyclopedia of theory in counseling and psychotherapy// | ||
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+ | Moore, J. M., & Manea, A. I. (2018). The use of Integral Eye Movement Therapy (IEMT) in the treatment of Psoriasis induced skin eruption – a case study. //Journal of Experiential Psychotherapy//, | ||
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+ | Shapiro, F. (2001). //Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing: |