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| ====== Representational systems in NLP ====== | {{tag>Related NLP}} |
| | ====== Representational Systems and Eye Movements in NLP ====== |
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| In neuro-linguistic programming (NLP)[(NLP>NLP[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuro-linguistic_programming|Wikipedia]])], the concept of representational systems refers to the way that people process and represent information in their minds. According to NLP, there are five primary representational systems: visual, auditory, kinesthetic, olfactory, and gustatory. The are also abreviated under the acronym VAKOG. | In neuro-linguistic programming (NLP)[(NLP>NLP[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuro-linguistic_programming|Wikipedia]])], the concept of representational systems refers to the way that people process and represent information in their minds. According to NLP, there are five primary representational systems: visual, auditory, kinesthetic, olfactory, and gustatory. The are also abreviated under the acronym VAKOG[(NLPRepresentational>Representational systems (NLP)[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_systems_(NLP)|Wikipedia]])]. |
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| The **visual** representational system refers to the way that people process and represent information through their sense of sight. This can include the use of images, colors, and spatial relationships. | The **visual** representational system refers to the way that people process and represent information through their sense of sight. This can include the use of images, colors, and spatial relationships. |
| ===== Eye movements and internal representations ===== | ===== Eye movements and internal representations ===== |
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| One of the first people to suggest that eye movements were related to internal representations[(NLPRepresentational>Representational systems (NLP)[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_systems_(NLP)|Wikipedia]])] was the American Psychologist, who is touted by many to be the father of modern psychology, William James in his book Principles of Psychology (1890, pp. 193-195). After observing the micro-eye-movements that were happening as the person was thinking a certain thought, James wrote: | One of the first people to suggest that eye movements were related to internal representations[(NLPRepresentational>Representational systems (NLP)[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_systems_(NLP)|Wikipedia]])] was the American Psychologist, who is touted by many to be the father of modern psychology, William James in his book Principles of Psychology [( :harvard:James1890>> |
| | authors : William James |
| | title : The principles of psychology |
| | publisher : Openlibrary |
| | published : 1890 |
| | url : https://openlibrary.org/books/OL7112992M/The_principles_of_psychology |
| | )]. After observing the micro-eye-movements that were happening as the person was thinking a certain thought, James wrote: |
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| // "In attending to either an idea or a sensation belonging to a particular sense-sphere, the movement is the adjustment of the sense-organ, felt as it occurs. I cannot think in visual terms, or example, without feeling a fluctuating play of pressures, convergences, divergences, and accommodations in my eyeballs...When I try to remember or reflect, the movements in question. . .feel like a sort of withdrawal from the outer world. As far as I can detect, these feelings are due to an actual rolling outwards and upwards of the eyeballs."// | <blockquote>"In attending to either an idea or a sensation belonging to a particular sense-sphere, the movement is the adjustment of the sense-organ, felt as it occurs. I cannot think in visual terms, or example, without feeling a fluctuating play of pressures, convergences, divergences, and accommodations in my eyeballs...When I try to remember or reflect, the movements in question. . .feel like a sort of withdrawal from the outer world. As far as I can detect, these feelings are due to an actual rolling outwards and upwards of the eyeballs."<cite>Principles of Psychology (pp. 193-195)</cite></blockquote> |
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| In neuro-linguistic programming (NLP), the concept of eye movements is often linked to the idea of internal representations, which refers to the way that people process and represent information in their minds. According to NLP, there are five primary representational systems: visual, auditory, kinesthetic, olfactory, and gustatory. Each of these representational systems corresponds to a particular direction of eye movement. | |
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| For example, when a person is recalling a visual memory, they may look upwards and to the left (if they are right-handed) or upwards and to the right (if they are left-handed). This is thought to indicate that the person is accessing their visual memory system. On the other hand, if a person is recalling an auditory memory, they may look to their right (if they are right-handed) or to their left (if they are left-handed). This is thought to indicate that the person is accessing their auditory memory system. | |
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| | According to NLP theory, certain eye movements are associated with specific types of thoughts or mental processes. For example, looking up to the left is said to be associated with accessing visual memories, while looking down to the right is said to be associated with accessing auditory memories. NLP practitioners may use eye movements as part of an assessment of a person's thoughts and emotional state, and may also use eye movement techniques as a way to help people change their thoughts or behaviors. |
| =====Notation and strategies===== | =====Notation and strategies===== |
| In documenting mental strategies and processing by the senses, NLP practitioners often use a simple shorthand for different modalities, with a letter indicating the representation system concerned, and often, a [[superscript]] to indicate how that system is being used. Three key aspects are commonly notated: The ''representation system'' being used (visual/V, auditory/A, kinesthetic/K, and occasionally, O/G), whether the ''direction of attention'' is internal <sup>(i)</sup> or external <sup>(e)</sup>, and whether the event is a ''recollection'' of an actual past event <sup>(r)</sup> or ''construction'' of an imaginary event <sup>(c)</sup>. Due to its importance in human cognitive processing, auditory internal dialogue, or talking in one's head, has its own shorthand: A<sup>id</sup>. | In documenting mental strategies and processing by the senses, NLP practitioners often use a simple shorthand for different modalities, with a letter indicating the representation system concerned, and often, a superscript to indicate how that system is being used. Three key aspects are commonly notated: The ''representation system'' being used (visual/V, auditory/A, kinesthetic/K, and occasionally, O/G), whether the ''direction of attention'' is internal <sup>(i)</sup> or external <sup>(e)</sup>, and whether the event is a ''recollection'' of an actual past event <sup>(r)</sup> or ''construction'' of an imaginary event <sup>(c)</sup>. Due to its importance in human cognitive processing, auditory internal dialogue, or talking in one's head, has its own shorthand: A<sup>id</sup>. |
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| Putting these together, this is a very simplified example of some steps which might actually be involved in replying to a simple question such as "Do you like that dress?". The table below is useful for teaching how to identify and access each representational system in context: | Putting these together, this is a very simplified example of some steps which might actually be involved in replying to a simple question such as "Do you like that dress?". The table below is useful for teaching how to identify and access each representational system in context: |
| | 4 || visual internal constructed || V<sup>ic</sup> || create a mental image of the dress worn by the person | | 4 || visual internal constructed || V<sup>ic</sup> || create a mental image of the dress worn by the person |
| | 5 || kinesthetic internal || K<sup>i</sup> || get an internal feeling from looking at it | | 5 || kinesthetic internal || K<sup>i</sup> || get an internal feeling from looking at it |
| | 6 || [[Intrapersonal communication|auditory internal dialog]] || A<sup>id</sup> || ask oneself 'Do I like that impression?' | | 6 || auditory internal dialog || A<sup>id</sup> || ask oneself 'Do I like that impression?' |
| | 7 || auditory external || A<sup>e</sup> || reply | | 7 || auditory external || A<sup>e</sup> || reply |
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| Logically, these or similar steps ''must'' take place somewhere in consciousness in order to cognitively make sense of the question and answer it. A sequence of this kind is known in NLP as a ''[[strategy (NLP)|strategy]]'' – in this case, a functional outline of the strategy used by the mind in answering that question. In a similar way, the process leading to a panic attack of the form "I see the clock, ask myself where the kids are, imagine everything that could be happening and feel scared" might be notated as having a subjective structure: V<sup>e</sup> → A<sup>id</sup> → V<sup>ic</sup> → K<sup>i</sup>, signifying that an external sight leads to internal dialog (a question), followed by internal and constructed images, leading to a feeling. | Logically, these or similar steps ''must'' take place somewhere in consciousness in order to cognitively make sense of the question and answer it. A sequence of this kind is known in NLP as a strategy – in this case, a functional outline of the strategy used by the mind in answering that question. In a similar way, the process leading to a panic attack of the form "I see the clock, ask myself where the kids are, imagine everything that could be happening and feel scared" might be notated as having a subjective structure: V<sup>e</sup> → A<sup>id</sup> → V<sup>ic</sup> → K<sup>i</sup>, signifying that an external sight leads to internal dialog (a question), followed by internal and constructed images, leading to a feeling. |
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| <WRAP COLUMN 400px> | <WRAP RIGHT 400px> |
| <figure>{{https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Mouvements-oculaires-PNL.jpg/500px-Mouvements-oculaires-PNL.jpg | <figure>{{https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Mouvements-oculaires-PNL.jpg/500px-Mouvements-oculaires-PNL.jpg |
| | The most common arrangement for eye accessing cues in a right-handed person.}}<caption>[[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mouvements-oculaires-PNL.jpg|Windhorse]] „ Eye Movements in NPL“ [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en| CC-BY-SA-3.0]]</caption> | | The most common arrangement for eye accessing cues in a right-handed person.}}<caption>[[https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mouvements-oculaires-PNL.jpg|Windhorse]] „ Eye Movements in NPL“ [[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en| CC-BY-SA-3.0]]</caption> |
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| 'Note: – NLP does ''not'' say it is 'always' this way, but rather that one should check whether reliable correlations seem to exist for an individual, and if so what they are'' | Note: – NLP does ''not'' say it is 'always' this way, but rather that one should check whether reliable correlations seem to exist for an individual, and if so what they are |
| Common (but not universal) Western layout of eye accessing cues: | Common (but not universal) Western layout of eye accessing cues: |
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| * Upwards (left/right) – Visual (V) – "I can ''imagine'' the big ''picture''" | * Upwards (left/right) – Visual (V) – "I can ''imagine'' the big ''picture''" |
| * Down-right—Kinesthetic (K) – "to ''grasp'' a concept" or "to ''gather'' you've understood." | * Down-right—Kinesthetic (K) – "to ''grasp'' a concept" or "to ''gather'' you've understood." |
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| * Down-left [[Intrapersonal communication|Auditory internal dialogue]] (A<sup>id</sup>) – talking to oneself inside | * Down-left Auditory internal dialogue (A<sup>id</sup>) – talking to oneself inside |
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| ===Do it yourself=== | Source: [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representational_systems_(NLP)|Wikipedia]]|[[https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en| CC-BY-SA-3.0]] |
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| | ====Do it yourself==== |
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| It's important to note that while there is some evidence to support the idea that eye movements are related to internal representations, this is still an area of active research and there is not yet a consensus among experts in the field. Some research has found a relationship between eye movements and internal representations, while other research has not. | It's important to note that while there is some evidence to support the idea that eye movements are related to internal representations, this is still an area of active research and there is not yet a consensus among experts in the field. Some research has found a relationship between eye movements and internal representations, while other research has not. |
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| Here is a way for you to test the NLP patterns on yourself. Find someone, and get them to ask you questions like the following to notice the different movements: | Here is a way for you to test the NLP patterns on yourself.[(EP>NLP Eye Patterns filmed by Toby and Kate McCartney.[[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rhYoHJTRK94|Youtube]])] Find someone, and get them to ask you questions like the following to notice the different movements: |
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| **Kinesthetic**: What would it feel like if you were walking on hot sand right now? How does it feel like to walk in the rain? | **Kinesthetic**: What would it feel like if you were walking on hot sand right now? How does it feel like to walk in the rain? |
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| {{ :eye_movement_locations.png?nolink&600 |}} | |