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models [2023/01/07 08:53] – andrewtaustinmodels [2023/12/23 21:20] (current) – tom
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-====== Eye Movement Models ======+{{tag>IEMT}}  
 +====== Other Eye Movement Models ======
  
 //**Note: References and quotes need to be added for all sections**// //**Note: References and quotes need to be added for all sections**//
 +
 +===== Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) =====
 +See [[emdr|]].
  
 ===== Eye Movement Integration (EMI) ===== ===== Eye Movement Integration (EMI) =====
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 EMI evolved from NLP (neuro-linguistic programming) and was first introduced by Robert Dilts in 1981 as “Eye Movement Pattern Interruption Therapy”. It’s now known to be a powerful method that appears to tap into the mind’s natural ability to heal itself. Since its development, EMI has been promoting healthful integrations of traumatic memories by using guided eye movements to process the memories in a client’s experience.  EMI evolved from NLP (neuro-linguistic programming) and was first introduced by Robert Dilts in 1981 as “Eye Movement Pattern Interruption Therapy”. It’s now known to be a powerful method that appears to tap into the mind’s natural ability to heal itself. Since its development, EMI has been promoting healthful integrations of traumatic memories by using guided eye movements to process the memories in a client’s experience. 
  
-EMI is a brief therapeutic approach that is an effective acute and post-therapy technique for treating acute and post-traumatic traumatic stress, as well as phobias, addiction symptoms, and negative or self-limiting thoughts.+Eye Movement Integration (EMI) was developed by Connirae and Steve Andreas as a kinder and gentler version of EMDR. EMI is a brief therapeutic approach that is an effective acute and post-therapy technique for treating acute and post-traumatic traumatic stress, as well as phobias, addiction symptoms, and negative or self-limiting thoughts. Although it originated in 1989, a recorded demonstration of the technique was first distributed in 1993 when a video was produced of Steve Andreas using Eye Movement Integration with a Vietnam veteran who suffered from PTSD (Youtube trailer below).
 ==== How does EMI work? ==== ==== How does EMI work? ====
  
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 While EMI and EMDR are quite similar, there are a few significant differences between the two. While EMI and EMDR are quite similar, there are a few significant differences between the two.
 Both of these share the use of titrated imaginal exposure, eye movements, and attention to multisensory manifestations of distress.  Both of these share the use of titrated imaginal exposure, eye movements, and attention to multisensory manifestations of distress. 
 +
 +<WRAP COLUMN 420px>
 +<figure>{{youtube>GnoqWqijYvQ|NLP Techniques - Eye Movement Integration with a Vietnam Veteran (PTSD) }}</figure>
 +</WRAP>
  
 However, the nature of these particular  eye movements is distinctive in both cases: However, the nature of these particular  eye movements is distinctive in both cases:
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   * EMDR uses typically lateral saccades similar to rapid eye movement (REM), while in EMI smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) in multiple directions and patterns are an essential part of the therapy.   * EMDR uses typically lateral saccades similar to rapid eye movement (REM), while in EMI smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) in multiple directions and patterns are an essential part of the therapy.
  
-  * In EMDR, the eye movements are done as quickly and rapidly as possible, again as this was likely the case in its original form.+  * In EMDR, the eye movements are done as quickly and rapidly as possible, again as this was likely the case in its original form. In EMDR there is a use of all kinds of Bilateral Stimulation (Eye movments, tones, kinesthetics).
  
   * EMI on the other hand is much more within the client’s tolerance, where the speed and range of the movements is generally much slower, and done at the pace that the client is comfortable with.   * EMI on the other hand is much more within the client’s tolerance, where the speed and range of the movements is generally much slower, and done at the pace that the client is comfortable with.
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 Brainspotting was first recognised through David Grand's work with survivors of trauma, and numerous mental health professionals utilising the approach have found it to be an effective form of treatment for a variety of conditions. Brainspotting was first recognised through David Grand's work with survivors of trauma, and numerous mental health professionals utilising the approach have found it to be an effective form of treatment for a variety of conditions.
 +{{ :img3.png |}}
  
 ==== How does Brainspotting work? ==== ==== How does Brainspotting work? ====
 +<WRAP 300 RIGHT> 
 +{{youtube>lm3Plvaf3UE}} 
 +</WRAP>
 According to David Grand, the direction in which people look or gaze can affect the way they feel. Throughout the brainspotting process, therapists help individuals position their eyes in various ways that enable them to target the source of a negative emotion. According to David Grand, the direction in which people look or gaze can affect the way they feel. Throughout the brainspotting process, therapists help individuals position their eyes in various ways that enable them to target the source of a negative emotion.
  
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 However, it’s also been shown to assist in injury recovery and help treat physical illness, stress, and low motivation. Some therapists believe psychological issues—such as anger, procrastination, and trouble concentrating, amongst many others, can be a result of trauma. Therefore, Brainspotting might be a particularly effective form of therapy for those individuals who wish to address one or more of these concerns. However, it’s also been shown to assist in injury recovery and help treat physical illness, stress, and low motivation. Some therapists believe psychological issues—such as anger, procrastination, and trouble concentrating, amongst many others, can be a result of trauma. Therefore, Brainspotting might be a particularly effective form of therapy for those individuals who wish to address one or more of these concerns.
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----- 
- 
- 
-===== Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) ===== 
- 
-Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an evidence-based treatment that empowers people to heal from the emotional distress that results from traumatic life experiences. Widely recognised as highly effective, EMDR therapy enables people to process traumatic events quickly and find closure. Studies have repeatedly shown that after only a few sessions, patients can experience the same benefits that usually take years to achieve with talk therapy. 
- 
-EMDR has established its effectiveness in treating trauma and PTSD in children and adults, alongside other mental health conditions such as: 
- 
-  * Anxiety, panic attacks, and phobias 
-  * Chronic illness and medical issues 
-  * Depression and bipolar disorders 
-  * Dissociative disorders 
-  * Eating disorders 
-  * Grief and loss 
-  * Pain 
-  * Performance anxiety 
-  * Sleep disturbance 
-  * Substance abuse and addiction 
-  * Violence and abuse 
- 
-Although some may prefer traditional treatments like medications and talk therapy, others may find that EMDR can accelerate the process of healing. EMDR therapy is considered a safe form of treatment and aims to leave you with the emotions, understanding, and perspectives that promote healthy, positive change. 
- 
-==== What does the process look like? ==== 
- 
-[[emdr|EMDR]] is widely recommended by many of the leading mental health organizations around the world. The treatment process consists of multiple phases, including: 
- 
-**Phase 1:** History and Treatment Planning. The first phase of EMDR is a history-taking session, where you and your therapist will identify possible targets for therapy. With a greater understanding of you and your needs, your therapist will then develop a treatment plan that targets: 
- 
-  * the event(s) that occurred 
-  * the current  
-  * the present circumstances that cause distress 
-  * the necessary abilities or behaviours needed to learn in the long term 
- 
-**Phase 2**:  Preparation. During the second phase of EMDR, your therapist will guide you in learning different coping and relaxation strategies to handle emotional distress. These stress reduction techniques are meant for you to use during and between sessions. Since EMDR tends to produce rapid change, the goal is to maintain balance and equilibrium in your day-to-day life. 
- 
-**Phases 3-6**: Assessment. During the third phase, you and your therapist will identify particular memories and the components associated with them, including: 
- 
-  * A detailed mental picture of a target event (from phase 1) 
-  * A negative belief about yourself associated with the event 
-  * Relevant emotions and physical sensations 
- 
-**Phases 4-7**: Treatment. These phases focus on using EMDR therapy techniques to treat the targeted memories. While focusing on the mental image, emotion, or belief, your therapist will ask you to follow specific eye movements. These movements are also known as bilateral stimulation and can include other repetitive activities such as tapping.  
- 
-Afterwards, your therapist will ask you to clear your mind and pay attention to the thoughts and feelings that arise spontaneously. Once they're identified, your therapist may direct your attention back to the traumatic memory and move forward with another.  
- 
-In case you get distressed, your therapist will guide you in returning to the present moment. This process is repeated until the distress over specific thoughts, images, or memories starts to fade. 
- 
-**Phase 8**: Evaluation. In the final phase of treatment, you'll examine your progress.   
  
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 ===== Submodality Eye Accessing Cues (SMEACs) ===== ===== Submodality Eye Accessing Cues (SMEACs) =====
  
-Eric Robbie is an influential researcher and trainer in the field of neuro-linguistic programming (NLP). One of his contributions to the field was his model of submodality eye accessing cues, or SMEACs. This model suggests that people can reveal their thought processes and mental states through their eye movements and other facial expressions. +Eric Robbie is an influential researcher and trainer in the field of neuro-linguistic programming (NLP). One of his contributions to the field was his model of submodality eye accessing cues, or SMEACs[(>Eric Robbie demonstrating SMEACs (old video) [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVT-G2qjzBo|Youtube]])] 
 +. This model suggests that people can reveal their thought processes and mental states through their eye movements and other facial expressions. 
  
 According to the model, different eye movements correspond to different types of mental activity, such as recalling memories, constructing mental images, or evaluating information. The SMEAC model has been used in various contexts, such as coaching, therapy, and business training, to help people understand and communicate more effectively.  According to the model, different eye movements correspond to different types of mental activity, such as recalling memories, constructing mental images, or evaluating information. The SMEAC model has been used in various contexts, such as coaching, therapy, and business training, to help people understand and communicate more effectively. 
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 However, it is important to note that the validity of the SMEAC model and its applications in NLP have been disputed by some researchers. However, it is important to note that the validity of the SMEAC model and its applications in NLP have been disputed by some researchers.
  
 + 
  • Last modified: 2023/01/07 08:53
  • by andrewtaustin