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models [2021/10/04 17:24] – ronimodels [2023/12/23 21:20] (current) – tom
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 +{{tag>IEMT}} 
 +====== Other Eye Movement Models ======
 +
 //**Note: References and quotes need to be added for all sections**// //**Note: References and quotes need to be added for all sections**//
  
-====== Eye Movement Integration (EMI) ======+===== Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) ===== 
 +See [[emdr|]].
  
-EMI evolved from NLP (neuro-linguistic programming) and was first introduced by Robert Dilts in 1981 as “Eye Movement Pattern Interruption Therapy”. It’s now known to be a powerful method that appears to tap into the mind’s natural ability to heal itself. Since its development, EMI has been promoting healthful integrations of traumatic memories by using guided eye movements to process the memories in a client’s experience. +===== Eye Movement Integration (EMI) =====
  
-EMI is a brief therapeutic approach that's an effective acute and post-therapy technique that is effective in treating acute and post-traumatic stress, but also phobias, the symptoms associated with addictions, and negative or self-limiting thoughts.+EMI evolved from NLP (neuro-linguistic programming) and was first introduced by Robert Dilts in 1981 as “Eye Movement Pattern Interruption Therapy”. It’s now known to be a powerful method that appears to tap into the mind’s natural ability to heal itself. Since its development, EMI has been promoting healthful integrations of traumatic memories by using guided eye movements to process the memories in a client’s experience. 
  
 +Eye Movement Integration (EMI) was developed by Connirae and Steve Andreas as a kinder and gentler version of EMDR. EMI is a brief therapeutic approach that is an effective acute and post-therapy technique for treating acute and post-traumatic traumatic stress, as well as phobias, addiction symptoms, and negative or self-limiting thoughts. Although it originated in 1989, a recorded demonstration of the technique was first distributed in 1993 when a video was produced of Steve Andreas using Eye Movement Integration with a Vietnam veteran who suffered from PTSD (Youtube trailer below).
 ==== How does EMI work? ==== ==== How does EMI work? ====
  
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 While EMI and EMDR are quite similar, there are a few significant differences between the two. While EMI and EMDR are quite similar, there are a few significant differences between the two.
 Both of these share the use of titrated imaginal exposure, eye movements, and attention to multisensory manifestations of distress.  Both of these share the use of titrated imaginal exposure, eye movements, and attention to multisensory manifestations of distress. 
 +
 +<WRAP COLUMN 420px>
 +<figure>{{youtube>GnoqWqijYvQ|NLP Techniques - Eye Movement Integration with a Vietnam Veteran (PTSD) }}</figure>
 +</WRAP>
  
 However, the nature of these particular  eye movements is distinctive in both cases: However, the nature of these particular  eye movements is distinctive in both cases:
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   * EMDR uses typically lateral saccades similar to rapid eye movement (REM), while in EMI smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) in multiple directions and patterns are an essential part of the therapy.   * EMDR uses typically lateral saccades similar to rapid eye movement (REM), while in EMI smooth pursuit eye movements (SPEM) in multiple directions and patterns are an essential part of the therapy.
  
-  * In EMDR, the eye movements are done as quickly and rapidly as possible, again as this was likely the case in its original form.+  * In EMDR, the eye movements are done as quickly and rapidly as possible, again as this was likely the case in its original form. In EMDR there is a use of all kinds of Bilateral Stimulation (Eye movments, tones, kinesthetics).
  
   * EMI on the other hand is much more within the client’s tolerance, where the speed and range of the movements is generally much slower, and done at the pace that the client is comfortable with.   * EMI on the other hand is much more within the client’s tolerance, where the speed and range of the movements is generally much slower, and done at the pace that the client is comfortable with.
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-====== Brainspotting ======+===== Brainspotting =====
  
-Brainspotting (BSP) is a recently developed new type of therapy designed to help people access, process, and ultimately overcome, trauma, negative emotions, and psychologically induced physical pain.+Brainspotting (BSP)[(Brainspotting>Brainspotting[[https://brainspotting.com/|brainspotting.com]])] is a recently developed new type of therapy designed to help people access, process, and ultimately overcome trauma, negative emotions, and psychologically induced physical pain.
  
-Brainspotting was first recognized through David Grand's work with survivors of trauma, and numerous mental health professionals utilizing the approach have found it to be an effective form of treatment for a variety of conditions.+Brainspotting was first recognised through David Grand's work with survivors of trauma, and numerous mental health professionals utilising the approach have found it to be an effective form of treatment for a variety of conditions. 
 +{{ :img3.png |}}
  
 ==== How does Brainspotting work? ==== ==== How does Brainspotting work? ====
 +<WRAP 300 RIGHT>
 +{{youtube>lm3Plvaf3UE}}
 +</WRAP>
 +According to David Grand, the direction in which people look or gaze can affect the way they feel. Throughout the brainspotting process, therapists help individuals position their eyes in various ways that enable them to target the source of a negative emotion.
  
-According to David Grand, the direction in which people look or gaze can affect the way they feel. Throughout the  brainspotting process, therapists help individuals position their eyes in various ways that enables them to target the source of a negative emotion. +Using a pointer to assist them, trained Brainspotting therapists will carefully guide the eyes of people in therapy across their field of vision to find appropriate “brainspots,” with a brainspot being an eye position that activates a traumatic memory or painful emotion. 
- +
-Using a pointer to assist them , trained Brainspotting therapists will carefully  guide the eyes of people in therapy across their field of vision to find appropriate “brainspots,” with a brainspot being an eye position that activates a traumatic memory or painful emotion. +
  
 Practitioners of this therapeutic approach believe it allows therapists to access emotions on a deeper level and target the physical pain and effects of trauma. Practitioners of this therapeutic approach believe it allows therapists to access emotions on a deeper level and target the physical pain and effects of trauma.
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 There is increasing evidence that trauma is “stored” deep within the body and that it can alter the way the brain functions on a day to day basis. Trauma can, for example, have an effect on emotions, memory, and physical health. Brainspotting seems to activate the body’s innate ability to heal itself from these traumatic experiences. There is increasing evidence that trauma is “stored” deep within the body and that it can alter the way the brain functions on a day to day basis. Trauma can, for example, have an effect on emotions, memory, and physical health. Brainspotting seems to activate the body’s innate ability to heal itself from these traumatic experiences.
  
-While a therapist may attempt to access both the physical and emotional “locations” of negative emotions, Brainspotting therapists use something called the client's brain-body response of the person in therapy.+While a therapist may attempt to access both the physical and emotional “locations” of negative emotions, Brainspotting therapists use something called the client's brain-body response (CBR) in therapy.
  
-There is increasing  evidence that Brainspotting works primarily on the limbic system, a collection of brain structures that play a role in emotion, long-term memory, cognition, motivation, impulse control, and several other psychological factors that can affect well-being.+There is increasing evidence that Brainspotting works primarily on the limbic system, a collection of brain structures that play a role in emotion, long-term memory, cognition, motivation, impulse control, and several other psychological factors that can affect well-being.
  
 ==== How effective is Brainspotting? ==== ==== How effective is Brainspotting? ====
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 ==== Who can benefit from brainspotting? ==== ==== Who can benefit from brainspotting? ====
  
-Brainspotting can help those with various mental health conditions and psychological concerns, but is primarily used in treating trauma and PTSD. +Brainspotting can help those with various mental health conditions and psychological concerns but is primarily used in treating trauma and PTSD. 
  
 However, anyone who has experienced either physical or emotional trauma may benefit from Brainspotting. This form of therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment option for those experiencing: However, anyone who has experienced either physical or emotional trauma may benefit from Brainspotting. This form of therapy has been shown to be an effective treatment option for those experiencing:
  
-  * Anxiety disorders (trauma, PTSD, etc)+  * Anxiety disorders (trauma, PTSD, etc.)
   * Attention issues (ADHD)   * Attention issues (ADHD)
   * Anger issues   * Anger issues
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 ---- ----
  
 +===== Submodality Eye Accessing Cues (SMEACs) =====
  
-====== Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) ====== +Eric Robbie is an influential researcher and trainer in the field of neuro-linguistic programming (NLP). One of his contributions to the field was his model of submodality eye accessing cues, or SMEACs[(>Eric Robbie demonstrating SMEACs (old video) [[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xVT-G2qjzBo|Youtube]])] 
- +. This model suggests that people can reveal their thought processes and mental states through their eye movements and other facial expressions. 
-Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) is an evidence-based treatment that empowers people to heal from the emotional distress that results from traumatic life experiences. Widely recognized as highly effective, EMDR therapy enables people to process traumatic events quickly and find closure. Studies have repeatedly shown that after only a few sessions, patients can experience the same benefits that usually take years to achieve with talk therapy. +
- +
-EMDR has established its effectiveness in treating trauma and PTSD in children and adults, alongside other mental health conditions such as: +
- +
-  * Anxiety, panic attacks, and phobias +
-  * Chronic Illness and medical issues +
-  * Depression and bipolar disorders +
-  * Dissociative disorders +
-  * Eating disorders +
-  * Grief and loss +
-  * Pain +
-  * Performance anxiety +
-  * Sleep disturbance +
-  * Substance abuse and addiction +
-  * Violence and abuse +
- +
-Although some may prefer traditional treatment like medications and talk therapy, others may find that EMDR can accelerate the process of healing. EMDR therapy is considered a safe form of treatment and aims to leave you with the emotions, understanding, and perspectives that promote healthy, positive change. +
- +
-==== What does the process look like? ==== +
- +
-EMDR is widely recommended by many of the leading mental health organizations around the world. The treatment process consists of multiple phases, including: +
- +
-**Phase 1:** History and Treatment Planning. The first phase of EMDR is a history-taking session, where you and your therapist will identify possible targets for therapy. With a greater understanding of you and your needs, your therapist will then develop a treatment plan that targets: +
- +
-  * the event(s) that occurred +
-  * the current  +
-  * the present circumstances that cause distress +
-  * the necessary abilities or behaviors needed to learn in the long term +
- +
-**Phase 2**:  Preparation. During the second phase of EMDR, your therapist will guide you in learning different coping and relaxation strategies to handle emotional distress. These stress reduction techniques are meant for you to use during and between sessions. Since EMDR tends to produce rapid change, the goal is to maintain balance and equilibrium in your day-to-day life. +
- +
-**Phases 3-6**: Assessment. During the third phase, you and your therapist will identify particular memories and the components associated with them, including: +
- +
-  * A detailed mental picture of a target event (from phase 1) +
-  * A negative belief about yourself associated with the event +
-  * Relevant emotions and physical sensations +
- +
-**Phases 4-7**: Treatment. These phases focus on using EMDR therapy techniques to treat the targeted memories. While focusing on the mental image, emotion, or belief, your therapist will ask you to follow specific eye movements. These movements are also known as bilateral stimulation and can include other repetitive activities such as tapping.  +
- +
-Afterward, your therapist will ask you to clear your mind and pay attention to the thoughts and feelings that arise spontaneously. Once they're identified, your therapist may direct your attention back to the traumatic memory and move forward with another.  +
- +
-In case you get distressed, your therapist will guide you in returning to the present moment. This process is repeated until the distress over specific thoughts, images, or memories starts to fade.+
  
-**Phase 8**: Evaluation. In the final phase of treatment, you'll examine your progress.  +According to the model, different eye movements correspond to different types of mental activity, such as recalling memories, constructing mental images, or evaluating information. The SMEAC model has been used in various contexts, such as coaching, therapy, and business training, to help people understand and communicate more effectively. 
  
 +However, it is important to note that the validity of the SMEAC model and its applications in NLP have been disputed by some researchers.
  
 + 
  • Last modified: 2021/10/04 16:24
  • (external edit)