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--- cotards_syndrome [2023/02/03 20:17] – andrewtaustin
+++ cotards_syndrome [2024/04/28 10:09] (current) – tom
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+{{tag>Related Psychiatry}}
 ======Cotard's Syndrome======
-Cotard's syndrome, also known as Walking Corpse syndrome, is a rare psychiatric disorder characterized by the belief that one is dead, does not exist, or is decaying. It is often associated with severe depression and a nihilistic delusion.
+Cotard's syndrome[(Cotard_delusion>Cotard delusion [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotard_delusion|Wikipedia]])]
+, also known as Walking Corpse syndrome, is a rare psychiatric disorder characterized by the belief that one is dead, does not exist, or is decaying. It is often associated with severe depression and a nihilistic delusion. Cotard's Delusion is categorically and distinctly different from the "Living Death Metaphor" taught in the trauma modules of IEMT.
 Symptoms and presentation:
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 =====The Anterior Cingulate Cortex (ACC)=====
-The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a region of the brain located in the medial frontal lobe, near the corpus callosum. It is considered a key player in the brain's executive function and is involved in a variety of cognitive and emotional processes.
+The anterior cingulate cortex (ACC)[(Anterior_cingulate_cortex>Anterior cingulate cortex [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior_cingulate_cortex|Wikipedia]])] is a region of the brain located in the medial frontal lobe, near the corpus callosum. It is considered a key player in the brain's executive function and is involved in a variety of cognitive and emotional processes.
 The ACC is divided into two main regions: the dorsal ACC (dACC) and the ventral ACC (vACC). The dACC is involved in error detection, attention, and conflict resolution, while the vACC is involved in processing emotional and motivational information.
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 =====The Insula=====
-The insula is a region of the brain located deep within the cerebral cortex, between the frontal and the temporal lobes, near the lateral sulcus (also known as the Sylvian fissure). It is a complex and multifaceted region that is involved in a wide range of functions, including perception, interoception, emotion regulation, and self-awareness.
+The insula[(Insular_cortex>Insular cortex [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Insular_cortex|Wikipedia]])] is a region of the brain located deep within the cerebral cortex, between the frontal and the temporal lobes, near the lateral sulcus (also known as the Sylvian fissure). It is a complex and multifaceted region that is involved in a wide range of functions, including perception, interoception, emotion regulation, and self-awareness.
 The insula is divided into two main regions: the anterior insula (AI) and the posterior insula (PI). The AI is involved in processing sensory information from the body, including temperature, pain, and taste. The PI is involved in interoceptive processing, or the perception of internal bodily states, such as hunger and thirst.
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 In summary, the insula is a complex and multifaceted brain region that plays an important role in a wide range of processes, including perception, interoception, emotion regulation, and self-awareness. Its connectivity with other regions of the brain allows it to play a central role in the processing of information and the regulation of behavior and emotion.
+=====Examples of Cotards Syndrome=====
+The following examples are adapted from clinical reports and patient experiences to illustrate the manifestation of Cotard's syndrome:
+  - A 45-year-old man was admitted to a psychiatric hospital following a suicide attempt. He claimed that he was already dead and that his body was rotting. He expressed concern that he smelled bad and refused to eat, believing that his digestive system had ceased to function.
+  - A 32-year-old woman presented to a psychiatrist, describing that she had lost all her internal organs and blood. She claimed to feel hollow inside and believed she was only kept alive by a mysterious force. Despite medical evidence to the contrary, she was convinced that her heart had stopped beating.
+  - A 58-year-old man was brought to a hospital after his family discovered him lying in his bed, unresponsive, for several days. He insisted that he was dead, and that his soul was trapped in a lifeless body. He displayed a lack of emotion and interest in his surroundings and would only speak when questioned.
+  - A 27-year-old woman with a history of depression sought psychiatric help after experiencing an overwhelming belief that she did not exist. She reported feeling disconnected from her body and surroundings, as if she was observing life from the outside. She was unable to feel any physical sensations and claimed she could not feel pain, cold, or hunger.
+  - A 36-year-old man with a history of substance abuse was admitted to a psychiatric ward after he began to believe that he was a walking corpse. He claimed that his body had decayed, and that his limbs had turned to dust. He expressed fear that he would crumble away and insisted on being wrapped in bandages to prevent his body from disintegrating.
+The earliest recorded example of Cotard's syndrome dates back to 1880, when French neurologist Jules Cotard[(Jules_Cotard>Jules Cotard [[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules_Cotard|Wikipedia]])] first described the condition. He presented a case study of a patient he referred to as "Mademoiselle X." This female patient believed she had no brain, nerves, chest, or intestines and was, consequently, "eternally damned." She also thought she did not need to eat and could not die a natural death. Cotard referred to her delusion as "le délire de négation" or "negation delirium."