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carl_rogers [2023/01/18 11:05] – [Criticisms] andrewtaustincarl_rogers [2023/03/06 10:11] (current) – Remove socialite tom
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 +{{tag>Related Person}} 
 ======Carl Rogers====== ======Carl Rogers======
  
-Carl Rogers was an American psychologist and one of the founders of the humanistic approach to psychology. He is best known for his development of client-centered therapy, also known as person-centered therapy. +Carl Rogers[(Rogers>Carl Rogers[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogers|Wikipedia]])] 
 + was an American psychologist and one of the founders of the humanistic approach to psychology. He is best known for his development of client-centered therapy, also known as person-centered therapy. 
  
 Rogers believed that individuals have an innate tendency to self-actualize, or fulfill their potential, and that the therapeutic relationship is a crucial aspect of the healing process. He emphasized the importance of empathy, congruence, and unconditional positive regard in the therapeutic relationship, and his approach has been widely influential in the field of psychology. Rogers believed that individuals have an innate tendency to self-actualize, or fulfill their potential, and that the therapeutic relationship is a crucial aspect of the healing process. He emphasized the importance of empathy, congruence, and unconditional positive regard in the therapeutic relationship, and his approach has been widely influential in the field of psychology.
 +
 +=====Influences=====
 +
 +Carl Rogers was influenced by several people and ideas in the development of his work in psychology.
 +
 +  * **Abraham Maslow[(Maslow>Abraham Maslow[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham_Maslow|Wikipedia]])]
 +**: Rogers was heavily influenced by the work of Abraham Maslow, particularly his concept of self-actualization, or the innate human tendency to fulfill one's potential. Both Rogers and Maslow were associated with the humanistic approach to psychology, which emphasizes the unique qualities of human beings and their capacity for personal growth.
 +
 +  * **Phenomenology[(Phenomenology>Phenomenology[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenomenology_(philosophy)|Wikipedia]])]**: Rogers was also influenced by the philosophical perspective of phenomenology, which emphasizes the subjective experience of individuals. This perspective influenced Rogers' focus on the individual's experience in therapy and his emphasis on empathy and understanding in the therapeutic relationship.
 +
 +  * **Gestalt therapy[(Gestalt>Gestalt therapy[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gestalt_therapy|Wikipedia]])]
 +**: Rogers was also influenced by the work of the Gestalt therapists, particularly the emphasis on the present moment and the holistic nature of the therapeutic relationship.
 +
 +  * **Psychoanalysis[(Psychoanalysis>Psychoanalysis[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoanalysis|Wikipedia]])]**: Rogers' early training was in psychoanalysis, and while he eventually rejected many of the core tenets of psychoanalysis, the idea of the unconscious mind and the importance of self-insight in therapy stayed with him.
 +
 +  * **Research**: Rogers was a proponent of research in psychology and used scientific methods to verify and validate his theories. His research on client-centered therapy and his use of case studies helped to establish the effectiveness of his approach.
 +
 +Overall, Rogers' work in psychology was heavily influenced by the humanistic approach, which emphasizes the unique qualities of human beings, self-actualization, empathy, congruence and unconditional positive regard. Additionally, his ideas were shaped by the philosophical perspective of phenomenology, the work of Gestalt therapists, psychoanalysis and scientific research.
  
 =====Humanistic Psychology===== =====Humanistic Psychology=====
  
-The humanistic approach to psychology is a perspective that emphasizes the unique qualities of human beings, including their capacity for self-awareness, creativity, and personal growth. This approach views individuals as inherently good and capable of positive change, and focuses on helping people achieve their potential.+The humanistic approach to psychology[(Humanisticpsychology>Humanistic psychology[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanistic_psychology|Wikipedia]])] 
 + is a perspective that emphasizes the unique qualities of human beings, including their capacity for self-awareness, creativity, and personal growth. This approach views individuals as inherently good and capable of positive change, and focuses on helping people achieve their potential.
  
 The humanistic approach developed in the 1950s and 1960s as a reaction to the dominant behaviorist and psychoanalytic perspectives of the time, which focused on observable behavior and unconscious processes, respectively, while overlooking the subjective experiences of individuals. The humanistic approach developed in the 1950s and 1960s as a reaction to the dominant behaviorist and psychoanalytic perspectives of the time, which focused on observable behavior and unconscious processes, respectively, while overlooking the subjective experiences of individuals.
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 =====Client Centred Counselling===== =====Client Centred Counselling=====
  
-Client-centered counseling, also known as person-centered counseling or Rogerian therapy, is a form of psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers in the 1940s and 1950s. The approach is based on the belief that individuals have an innate tendency to self-actualize, or fulfill their potential, and that the therapeutic relationship is a crucial aspect of the healing process.+Client-centered counseling[(Person-centered>Person-centered therapy[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Person-centered_therapy|Wikipedia]])] 
 +, also known as person-centered counseling or Rogerian therapy, is a form of psychotherapy developed by Carl Rogers in the 1940s and 1950s. The approach is based on the belief that individuals have an innate tendency to self-actualize, or fulfill their potential, and that the therapeutic relationship is a crucial aspect of the healing process. 
 + 
 +The client-centered approach is characterized by three core elements: empathy, congruence, and unconditional positive regard.[( :harvard:Rogers1957>> 
 +authors   : Rogers, Carl R.  
 +title     : "The necessary and sufficient conditions of therapeutic personality change" 
 +published : 1957 
 +journal : Journal of Consulting Psychology. 21  
 +page: 95–103 
 +url       : https://doi.org/10.1037%2Fh0045357 
 +)]
  
-The client-centered approach is characterized by three core elements: empathy, congruence, and unconditional positive regard. 
  
   *  **Empathy** refers to the therapist's ability to understand and appreciate the client's feelings and perspectives. The therapist aims to communicate this understanding to the client in a non-judgmental and respectful way.   *  **Empathy** refers to the therapist's ability to understand and appreciate the client's feelings and perspectives. The therapist aims to communicate this understanding to the client in a non-judgmental and respectful way.
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   * **Lack of outcome research**: Some critics argue that there is a lack of outcome research on the client-centered approach, making it difficult to measure its effectiveness.   * **Lack of outcome research**: Some critics argue that there is a lack of outcome research on the client-centered approach, making it difficult to measure its effectiveness.
  
-References for these criticisms can be found in the book "//The Handbook of Person-Centered Psychotherapy and Counseling//" by Mick Cooper and Windy Dryden.+References for these criticisms can be found in the book "//The Handbook of Person-Centered Psychotherapy and Counseling//" [( :harvard:Cooper2013>> 
 +authors   : Cooper, Mick and Dryden,  Windy 
 +title     : The Handbook of Person-Centred Psychotherapy and Counselling 
 +publisher : Springer; 2. Edition 
 +published : 2013  
 +isbn      : 0230280498 
 +url       : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0230280498 
 +)] by Mick Cooper and Windy Dryden.
  
 It's important to note that these criticisms are not universally accepted, and many researchers and practitioners continue to find value in the client-centered approach. Also, as with any therapeutic approach, client-centered therapy may not be suitable for everyone, and different people may benefit from different types of therapy. It's important to note that these criticisms are not universally accepted, and many researchers and practitioners continue to find value in the client-centered approach. Also, as with any therapeutic approach, client-centered therapy may not be suitable for everyone, and different people may benefit from different types of therapy.
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 Carl Rogers was known for several other contributions to the field of psychology in addition to his development of client-centered therapy. Some of his notable contributions include: Carl Rogers was known for several other contributions to the field of psychology in addition to his development of client-centered therapy. Some of his notable contributions include:
  
-  * **Self-theory**: Rogers developed a theory of self that emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and self-actualization. He believed that individuals have an innate tendency to grow and fulfill their potential, and that the therapeutic relationship is a crucial aspect of this process.+  * **Self-theory**: Rogers developed a theory of self that emphasizes the importance of self-awareness and self-actualization. He believed that individuals have an innate tendency to grow and fulfill their potential and that the therapeutic relationship is a crucial aspect of this process.
  
   * **Unconditional positive regard**: Rogers emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in the therapeutic relationship. He believed that people need to feel accepted and valued for who they are, in order to feel safe and open up in therapy.   * **Unconditional positive regard**: Rogers emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in the therapeutic relationship. He believed that people need to feel accepted and valued for who they are, in order to feel safe and open up in therapy.
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 Rogers also wrote several books, including "On Becoming a Person" and "A Way of Being", which have been widely read and influential in the field of psychology and human development. Rogers also wrote several books, including "On Becoming a Person" and "A Way of Being", which have been widely read and influential in the field of psychology and human development.
 +
 +====="On Becoming a Person"=====
 +
 +"On Becoming a Person" [( :harvard:Rogers1961>>
 +authors   : Rogers, Carl
 +title     : On Becoming a Person: A Therapist's View of Psychotherapy
 +publisher : London: Constable 
 +published : 1961  
 +isbn      : 1-84529-057-7
 +url       : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-84529-057-7
 +)][(Rogers1>Excerpts from "On Becoming a Person" [[http://www.panarchy.org/rogers/person.html|panarchy.org]])][(Rogers2>Complete book "On Becoming a Person"[[https://archive.org/details/onbecomingperson0000roge|archive.org]])]
 + is a book written by Carl Rogers and published in 1961. It is considered a classic in the field of psychology and human development. The book presents Rogers' thoughts and theories on human growth and development, and the process of therapy.
 +
 +In the book, Rogers argues that individuals have an innate tendency to self-actualize, or fulfill their potential. He also argues that the therapeutic relationship is a crucial aspect of the healing process, and that empathy, congruence, and unconditional positive regard are essential for creating a positive therapeutic relationship.
 +
 +<blockquote>
 +“the more I can keep a relationship free of judgment and evaluation, the more this will permit the other person to reach the point where he recognizes that the locus of evaluation, the center of responsibility, lies within himself.”
 +<cite>Carl R. Rogers, On Becoming a Person: A Therapist's View of Psychotherapy</cite></blockquote>
 +
 +The book also covers the concept of a "fully functioning person"[(Fully>Fully functioning person[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogers#Fully_functioning_person|Wikipedia]])]
 + in which Rogers explains that a fully functioning person is someone who is open to experience, trusts their own feelings, and is able to make their own choices. Rogers also talks about the importance of self-actualization and self-esteem and how society can often get in the way of these processes.
 +
 +Furthermore, Rogers also explains the concept of "incongruence"[(Incongruity>Incongruity[[https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Rogers#Incongruity|Wikipedia]])]
 + in which he states that when people are not true to themselves, they will experience a sense of disharmony and discomfort in their lives. He argues that in therapy, the goal is to help clients become more congruent, or true to themselves, in order to live a more fulfilling and satisfying life.
 +
 +<blockquote>The curious paradox is that when I accept myself just as I am, then I can change.
 +<cite>Carl R. Rogers, On Becoming a Person: A Therapist's View of Psychotherapy</cite></blockquote>
  
  
 +"On Becoming a Person" provides an in-depth look at Carl Rogers' theories on human growth and development, and the process of therapy. It emphasizes the importance of empathy, congruence, and unconditional positive regard in the therapeutic relationship, and highlights the importance of self-actualization and self-esteem in leading a fulfilling life. The book has been widely read and influential in the field of psychology and human development.
  
 +=====  Carl Rogers and Gloria - Counselling 1965 Full Session =====
 +<WRAP CENTER 50%>
 +{{youtube>ee1bU4XuUyg}}
 +</WRAP>
  
 + 
  
  
  • Last modified: 2023/01/18 11:05
  • by andrewtaustin